Biodiversity and Analysis of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Extracts Isolated from Mangrove Avicennia marina
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Keywords:
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Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Avicennia marina, Biodiversity, Endophytic Fungi
Abstract
Avicennia marina, a mangrove species commonly found along coastal areas, plays both ecological and pharmacological roles, with its plant parts exhibiting antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of endophytic fungi from various organs of A. marina collected from mangrove ecosystems and to explore and analyze their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots, stems, and fruits of A. marina using PDA medium and were morphologically identified. Each fungal isolate was cultivated in PDB medium for 4 weeks under static conditions, followed by extraction to obtain concentrated extracts. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities were assessed using the DPPH method and disk diffusion assay. A total of 23 fungal isolates were obtained from the roots, stems, and fruits of A. marina. The identification results showed that the root isolates had the highest genus diversity, followed by the stem and fruit isolates. The highest distribution of antioxidant and antibacterial activities was observed in the endophytic fungal extracts from fruits, followed by those from roots and stems. Notably, the majority of the 23 endophytic fungal extracts exhibited strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Isolates AMF3 and AMF6
showed the most potent antioxidant activity, classified as very strong, with IC50 values below 20 ug/mL. Morphological identification revealed AMF3 as Neopestalotiopsis sp. and AMF6 as Aspergillus niger. This study highlights the potential of Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Aspergillus niger endophytic fungi from A. marina fruits as sources of natural antioxidant and antibacterial compounds, offering valuable insights for biotechnological applications of mangrove-associated endophytes.
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Elfita, R., Oktiansyah, Mardiyanto, A. Setiawan, and H. Widjajanti (2024). Combination Effect of Extracts and Pure Compounds of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Sungkai (Peronema canescens) Leaves on Antioxidant Activity. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(1); 69–76
Elfita, R., Oktiansyah, Mardiyanto, H. Widjajanti, A. Setiawan, and S. S. A. Nasution (2023). Bioactive Compounds of Endophytic Fungi Lasiodiplodia theobromae Isolated from the Leaves of Sungkai (Peronema canescens). Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 13(6); 1–15
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Gupta, A., Meshram, V., Gupta, M., Goyal, S., Qureshi, K. A., Jaremko, M., & Shukla, K. K. (2023). Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade. Biomolecules, 13(7), 1038.
Hapida, Y., Elfita, Widjajanti, H., & Salni. (2021). Biodiversity and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Jambu Bol (Syzygium malaccense). Biodiversitas, 22(12), 5668–5677.
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He, Y. K., Yang, Q., Sun, Y. R., Zeng, X. Y., Jayawardena, R. S., Hyde, K. D., & Wang, Y. (2022). Additions to Neopestalotiopsis (Amphisphaeriales, Sporocadaceae) Fungi: Two New Species and One New Host Record from China. Biodiversity Data Journal, 10, 1–18.
Heo, I.-J., Hong, K.-Y., Yang, H., Lee, H.-B., Choi, Y.-J., & Hong, S.-B. (2019). Diversity of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces Species Isolated from Freshwater Environments in Korea. Mycobiology, 47(1), 12–19.
Jacob, J. K. S., Witzel, K., & dela Cruz, T. E. E. (2023). Comparative Diversity and Functional Traits of Fungal Endophytes in Response to Elevated Mineral Content in a Mangrove Ecosystem. Journal of Fungi, 9(12), 1156.
Jha, P., Kaur, T., Chhabra, I., Panja, A., Paul, S., Kumar, V., & Malik, T. (2023). Endophytic Fungi: Hidden Treasure Chest of Antimicrobial Metabolites Interrelationship of Endophytes and Metabolites. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14(July), 1–16.
Khan, S., Bilal, H., Shafiq, M., Zhang, D., Awais, M., Chen, C., Khan, M. N., Wang, Q., Cai, L., Islam, R., & Zeng, Y. (2024). Distribution of Aspergillus Species and Risk Factors for Aspergillosis in Mainland China: A Systematic Review. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, 11, 1–16.
Khodadadi, F., González, J. B., Martin, P. L., Giroux, E., Bilodeau, G. J., Peter, K. A., Doyle, V. P., & Acimovic, S. G. (2020). Identification and Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Causing Apple Bitter Rot in New York and Description of C. noveboracense sp. nov. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–19.
Kumari, P., Deepa, N., Trivedi, P. K., Singh, B. K., Srivastava, V., & Singh, A. (2023). Plants and Endophytes Interaction: A “Secret Wedlock” for Sustainable Biosynthesis of Pharmaceutically Important Secondary Metabolites. Microbial Cell Factories, 22(1), 1–19.
Losada-Barreiro, S., Sezgin-Bayindir, Z., Paiva-Martins, F., & Bravo-Díaz, C. (2022). Biochemistry of Antioxidants: Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomedicines, 10(12), 3051.
Oktiansyah, R., Widjajanti, H., Setiawan, A., & Elfita. (2024). Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Fruit of Sungkai (Peronema canescens). Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(1), 17–27.
Oktiansyah, R., Widjajanti, H., Setiawan, A., Nasution, S. S. A., Mardiyanto, M., & Elfita. (2023). Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Extract Isolated from Leaves of Sungkai (Peronema canescens). Science and Technology Indonesia, 8(2), 170–177.
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Ragavendran, C., Manigandan, V., Kamaraj, C., Balasubramani, G., Prakash, J. S., Perumal, P., & Natarajan, D. (2019). Larvicidal, Histopathological, Antibacterial Activity of Indigenous Fungus Penicillium sp. Against Aedes aegypti L and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Its Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Toxicity Assessment of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1–17.
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Authors
Noviyanto, Widjajanti, H., & Elfita. (2025). Biodiversity and Analysis of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Extracts Isolated from Mangrove Avicennia marina. Science and Technology Indonesia, 10(1), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.139-151
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