Isolation of Cellulase from Selected Fungal Strains and Its Use for Manufacture Microcrystal Cellulose from Kapuk Cortex (Ceiba Pentandra (L.) Gaertn)
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Keywords:
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Cellulase, Cellulose, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Kapok, Microcrystalline Cellulose
Abstract
This study aims to obtain cellulase enzymes from selected molds for microcrystalline cellulose preparation from ????-cellulose of kapok cortex. Alpha-cellulose was obtained by biodelignification, and the purified cellulase was obtained from the selected mold. The Microcrystalline cellulose obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis was then identified FTIR and DSC, followed by characterization of microcrystalline cellulose, Particle Size and Distribution Analysis (PSA), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Loss on drying, pH, bulk density, tapped density, and flow rate. Biodelignification produced 14.88% ????-cellulose, Penicillium sp. the selected mold had the highest cellulase activity, with a cellulolytic index of 4.83. FTIR identification was similar to Avicel PH 101 with a melting point of 244.580°C. Loss on drying was 3.74%, pH was 7.0, particle size ranged from 13.06 to 196.79 ????m, bulk density and tapped density were 0.11 g/cm3 and 0.23 g/cm3, respectively flow rate character is quite good. SEM-EDX was showed that the morphological shape of the microcrystalline cellulose of the kapok cortex is elongated. Microcrystalline cellulose has shown a quite similar in character and can be furthered.
References
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Zuliahani, A., R. Nurul Nadhirah, A. Rozyanty, W. I. Nawawi, and A. Nor Hanani (2016). Crystallinity, Tapping and Bulk Density of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) Isolated from Rice Husk (RH). Applied Mechanics and Materials, 835; 272–276
Adeleye, O. A., O. A. Bamiro, D. A. Albalawi, A. S. Alotaibi, H. Iqbal, S. Sanyaolu, M. N. Femi Oyewo, K. O. Sodeinde, Z. S. Yahaya, and G. Thiripuranathar (2022). Characterizations of Alpha-Cellulose and Microcrystalline Cellulose Isolated from Cocoa Pod Husk as a Potential Pharmaceutical Excipient. Materials, 15(17); 5992
Ahmad, U. and J. Akhtar (2020). Pharmaceutical Formulation Design: Recent Practices. BoD Books on Demand
Asgher, M., Z. Ahmad, and H. M. N. Iqbal (2013). Alkali and Enzymatic Delignification of Sugarcane Bagasse to Expose Cellulose Polymers for Saccharification and Bio-ethanol Production. Industrial Crops and Products, 44; 488–495
Astika, J., C. Chandrawati, L. Hendrajaya, and P. Yogi (2017). The Exploration of Alpha Cellulose in Kapok Fruit as Raw Material For Rocket Propellant Production. Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal, 12(4); 1–8
Aziz, T., H. Fan, X. Zhang, and F. U. Khan (2019). Synergistic Impact of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Calcium Sulfate Fillers on Adhesion Behavior of Epoxy Resin. Materials Research Express, 6(11); 1150b7
Bańkowski, E. (2013). Biochemistry Workbook. Białystok: Medical University of Białystok Bicu, I. and F. Mustata (2013). Optimization of Isolation of Cellulose From Orange Peel Using Sodium Hydroxide and Chelating Agents. Carbohydrate polymers, 98(1); 341–348
Commission, B. P. (1970). British pharmacopoeia. London: The Stationary Office
Crouter, A. and L. Briens (2014). The Effect of Moisture on The Flowability of Pharmaceutical Excipients. Aaps PharmSciTech, 15; 65–74
Fu, Y., T. Luo, Z. Mei, J. Li, K. Qiu, and Y. Ge (2018). Dry Anaerobic Digestion Technologies for Agricultural Straw and Acceptability in China. Sustainability, 10(12); 4588
Goshadrou, A., K. Karimi, and M. J. Taherzadeh (2011). Bioethanol Production From Sweet Sorghum Bagasse by Mucor Hiemalis. Industrial Crops and Products, 34(1); 1219–1225
Hindi, S. S. Z. (2017). Microcrystalline Cellulose: The Inexhaustible Treasure for Pharmaceutical Industry. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research, 4(1); 17–24
Kavya, P., S. Bhat, S. Siddappa, A. Rao, and K. Kadappu (2019). When to Avoid Dialysis during Protein Purification. Advance in Industrial Biotechnology, 2(9); 1–5
Kharismi, R. R. A. Y. and H. Suryadi (2018). Preparation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Produced From Betung Bamboo (dendrocalamus Asper) Through Acid Hydrolysis. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 10(2s); S79
Kuthi, F. A. A., N. R. Norzali, and K. H. Badri (2016). Thermal Characteristics of Microcrystalline Cellulose From Oil Palm Biomass. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 20(5); 1112–1122
Lestari, Y. P. I., H. Suryadi, W. Mangunwardoyo, and A. Yanuar (2020). Characterization of Kapok Pericarpium Microcrystalline Cellulose Produced of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using Purified Cellulase From Termite (Macrotermes Gilvus). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(3); 7–14
Li, J., X. Zhang, M. Zhang, H. Xiu, and H. He (2014). Optimization of Selective Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose for Microcrystalline Cellulose Using FeCl3. BioResources, 9(1); 1334–1345
Megha, S., S. Maragathavalli, S. Brindha, V. Karthikeyan, B. Annadurai, and S. Gangwar (2019). Isolation and Purification of Cellulase. International Journal of Science and Nature, 3(4); 474–479
Putri, R. W., M. Rendana, U. Waluyo, and T. Andrianto (2022). Effect of Plasticizer and Concentration on Characteristics of Bioplastic Based on Cellulose Acetate from Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) Fiber. Science and Technology Indonesia, 7(1); 73–83
Steudler, S., A. Werner, and T. Walther (2019). It Is the Mix That Matters: Substrate-specific Enzyme Production From Filamentous Fungi and Bacteria Through Solid-state Fermentation. Solid State Fermentation: Research and Industrial Applications, 3(5); 51–81
Sun, C. C. (2010). Setting the Bar for Powder Flow Properties in Successful High Speed Tableting. Powder Technology, 201(1); 106–108
Suryadi, H., M. Angeline, and M. W. Murti (2018). Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Alpha-cellulose and its Application. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 10(2s); S87
Suryadi, H., Y. P. I. Lestari, and M. A. Yanuar (2019). Potential of Cellulose of Chaetomium Globosum for Preparation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose From Water Hyacinth (eichhornia Crassipes) Inter. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 11(4); 140-146
United States Pharmacopeial Convention (2019). The United States pharmacopeia USP42, the national formulary NF37 (First edition.). United States Pharmacopeial Convention
Wang, X., S. Cheng, Z. Li, Y. Men, and J. Wu (2020). Impacts of Cellulase and Amylase on Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Methane Production in the Anaerobic Digestion of Corn Straw. Sustainability, 12(13); 5453
Yang, S. O., H. Sodaneath, J. I. Lee, H. Jung, J. H. Choi, H. W. Ryu, and K. S. Cho (2017). Decolorization of Acid, Disperse and Reactive Dyes by Trametes versicolor CBR43. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 52(9); 862–872
Zuliahani, A., R. Nurul Nadhirah, A. Rozyanty, W. I. Nawawi, and A. Nor Hanani (2016). Crystallinity, Tapping and Bulk Density of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) Isolated from Rice Husk (RH). Applied Mechanics and Materials, 835; 272–276
Authors
Mi'rajunnisa, Suryadi, H. ., Sutriyo, & Lestari, Y. P. I. . (2023). Isolation of Cellulase from Selected Fungal Strains and Its Use for Manufacture Microcrystal Cellulose from Kapuk Cortex (Ceiba Pentandra (L.) Gaertn). Science and Technology Indonesia, 8(2), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.2.227-234
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