Tuning Magnetic Behavior of La₁₋ₓSrₓFeO₃ (x = 0.1–0.5) via Sr Doping: From Antiferromagnetism to Ferromagnetism
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Keywords:
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LaFeO3, Solid State Reaction, Structure, Morphology, Magnetic Properties
Abstract
Strontium-substituted LaFeO₃ compounds with the chemical formula La₁₋ₓSrₓFeO₃ (x = 0.1–0.5) were successfully prepared via the solid-state reaction technique by partially replacing La at the A-site. Structural analysis was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while surface morphology and elemental composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). The magnetic behavior of the samples was evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD patterns confirmed that all synthesized compositions crystallized in a single-phase LaFeO₃ structure without detectable impurity phases. The dominant diffraction peak corresponded to the (121) crystallographic plane, indicating an orthorhombic structure with the Pnma space group (No. 62). SEM observations revealed irregular particle morphologies with a broad particle size distribution. EDS analysis verified the successful incorporation of Sr into the LaFeO₃ lattice, as evidenced by the presence of La, Fe, O, and Sr elements in all doped compositions (x = 0.1–0.5). Magnetic measurements showed that the La₀.₉Sr₀.₁FeO₃ sample exhibited the best magnetic performance, with a saturation magnetization (Mₛ) of 0.393 T and a coercive field (Hc) of 2661 Oe. The introduction of Sr induced a transition in magnetic behavior from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic ordering. Overall, these results demonstrate that La₁₋ₓSrₓFeO₃ materials are promising candidates for electromagnetic wave absorption applications.
References
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Wang, M., L. Cheng, L. Huang, S. Pan, Q. Yao, C. Hu, Q. Liang, and H. Zhou (2021). Effect of Sr-Doped YFeO3 Rare Earth Orthoferrite on Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Microwave Absorption Performance. Ceramics International, 47(24); 34159–34169
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Yan, L., Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, R. Liu, C. Liu, F. Wu, X. Miao, E. Liu, X. Peng, J. Li, S. Tao, and F. Xu (2024). Influence of Bi Doping on the Structure and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption for LaFeO3 Perovskite. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 591; 171730
Yunasfi, Y., J. Setiawan, M. Mashadi, D. S. Winatapura, and M. Puspitasari (2025). Cationic Distribution Analysis of Lanthanum-Doped Cobalt Nickel Titanate as Microwave Absorbing Material and Its Correlation with Weak Ferromagnetic Behavior. Journal of Magnetism; 1–18
Zhang, S., Q. Cao, M. Zhang, and X. Shi (2013). Effects of Sr2+ or Sm3+ Doping on Electromagnetic and Microwave Absorption Performance of LaMnO3. Journal of Applied Physics, 113(7); 073905
Zhemas, P., Z. Nehan, B. Kurniawan, D. Rezky, O. Vitayaya, M. Naibaho, T. Sudiro, M. T. E. Manawan, Darminto, and H. Nojiri (2025). Calcium Ion Deficiency and Its Influence on Structure and Critical Behavior. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 1020; 179467
Acharya, S., J. Mondal, S. Ghosh, S. K. Roy, and P. K. Chakrabarti (2010). Multiferroic Behavior of Lanthanum Orthoferrite (LaFeO3). Materials Letters, 64(3); 415–418
Assirey, E. A. R. (2019). Perovskite Synthesis, Properties and Their Related Biochemical and Industrial Applications. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 27(6); 817–829
Ata, S., I. Shaheen, A. Bibi, H. Elhouichet, A. Nazir, M. Iqbal, and J. Shawaf (2025). Supercapacitor and Photocatalytic Potential of AluminiumandZinc-DopedLaFeO3Perovskite Synthesized by Hydrothermal Route. Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society; 1–12
Ateia, E. E., H. Ismail, H. Elshimy, and M. K. Abdelmaksoud (2021). Structural and Magnetic Tuning of LaFeO3 Orthoferrite Substituted with Different Rare Earth Elements to Optimize Their Technological Applications. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 31(4); 1713–1725
Bouhenna, A., A. Azzouz-Rached, W. Mohammed, O. Zeggai, N. Sfina, N. Rahman, M. Husain, M. Fellah, Y. Alawaideh, and M. Uzair (2025). First-Principles Calculations to Investigate Physical Properties of Oxide Perovskites LaBO3 (B = Mn, Fe) for Thermo-Spintronic Devices. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 196; 112362
Edianta, J., N. Fauzi, M. Naibaho, F. S. Arsyad, and I. Royani (2021). Review of the Effectiveness of Plant Media Extracts in Barium Hexaferrite Magnets (BaFe12O19). Science and Technology Indonesia, 6(2); 39–52
El-Mallah, H. M. (2012). AC Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Perovskite (Pb, Ca)TiO3 Ceramic. Acta Physica Polonica A, 122(1); 174–179
Handal, H. T., H. A. Mousa, S. M. Yakout, W. Sharmoukh, and V. Thangadurai (2020). Effect of Mn and Ni Doping on Structure, Photoluminescence, and Magnetic Properties. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 498; 165946
Hao, P., G. Qiu, P. Song, Z. Yang, and Q. Wang (2020). Construction of Porous LaFeO3 Microspheres Decorated with NiO Nanosheets for High-Response Ethanol Gas Sensors. Applied Surface Science, 515; 146025
Huang, L., L. Cheng, S. Pan, Y. He, C. Tian, J. Yu, and H. Zhou (2020). Effects of Sr Doping on the Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Microwave Absorption Properties of LaFeO3 Nanoparticles. Ceramics International, 46(17); 27352–27361
Huang, L., L. Cheng, S. Pan, Q. Yao, Q. Long, M. Wang, Y. Chen, and H. Zhou (2022). Influence of A-Site Barium Doping on Structure, Magnetic, and Microwave Absorption Properties of LaFeO3 Ceramic Powders. Journal of Rare Earths, 40(7); 1106–1117
Janbutrach, Y., S. Hunpratub, and E. Swatsitang (2014). Ferromagnetism and Optical Properties of La1−xAlxFeO3 Nanopowders. Materials Research; 1–7
Jeong, J. H., C. G. Song, K. H. Kim, W. Sigmund, and J. W. Yoon (2018). Effect of Mn Doping on Particulate Size and Magnetic Properties of LaFeO3 Nanofibers Synthesized by Electrospinning. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 749; 599-604
Ju, Y., S. Lee, B. Su, and H. Ho (2019). Phase Transition of Doped LaFeO3 Anode in Reducing Atmosphere and Their Power Generation Property in Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(56); 29641–29647
La, B., T. Fe, F. El, Z. Chchiyai, Y. Tamraoui, H. El, J. Alami, and B. Manoun (2022a). Effects of Bi Doping on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite. Ceramics International, 48(11); 16348–16356
La, B., T. Fe, F. El, Z. Chchiyai, Y. Tamraoui, H. El, J. Alami, and B. Manoun (2022b). Optical and Magnetic Properties of Perovskite Materials. Journal of Rare Earths, 40(4); 652–659
Li, Q. and G. Zhu (2021). Controlling Negative Permittivity and Permeability Behavior in LaFeO3 through Sintering Temperature. Ceramics International, 47(4); 5244–5248
Liu, X., L. S. Wang, Y. Ma, H. Zheng, L. Lin, Q. Zhang, Y. Chen, Y. Qiu, and D. L. Peng (2017). Enhanced Microwave Absorption Properties by Tuning Cation Deficiency of Perovskite Oxides of Two-Dimensional LaFeO3/C Composite in X-Band. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(8); 7601–7610
Melinia, L. A., M. Naibaho, E. Puspita, Ramlan, and M. Ginting (2024). Review on the Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Water by MnFe2O4 and Zeolite. Indonesian Physical Review, 6(2); 196–219
Meng, F., L. Qin, H. Gao, H. Zhu, and Z. Yuan (2024). Perovskite-Structured LaFeO3 Modified In2O3 Gas Sensor with High Selectivity and Ultra-Low Detection Limit for 2-Butanone. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 970; 172464
Mesbah, M., S. Hamedshahraki, S. Ahmadi, M. Sharifi, and C. A. Igwegbe (2020). Hydrothermal Synthesis of LaFeO3 Nanoparticles Adsorbent: Characterization and Application of Error Functions for Adsorption of Fluoride. MethodsX, 7; 100786
Naibaho, M., A. Mulyawan, P. Zhemas, Z. Nehan, W. A. Adi, B. Kurniawan, W. Hung, J. Widakdo, and M. Ginting (2025). Temperature-Dependent Phase Evolution and Reflection Loss of Lanthanum Orthoferrite (LaFeO3). Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 176; 114246
Naibaho, M., J. Widakdo, B. Kurniawan, P. Z. Z. Nehan, O. Vitayaya, Novita, Ramlan, and W. A. Adi (2024). Analysis of Structure, Morphology, Magnetic Properties, and Microwave Absorption of Lanthanum Orthoferrite (LaFeO3). Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(4); 1–6
Nasution, N., S. Humaidi, E. Frida, T. N. Duma, P. Zhemas, Z. Nehan, M. Naibaho, and M. Ginting (2025). The Influence of Yttrium Doping on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Barium Hexaferrite. Journal of Physics, 22(12); 13–15
Nehan, P. Z. Z., O. Vitayaya, D. R. Munazat, M. Naibaho, and M. T. E. Manawan (2025). Compound Synthesized by Solid-State, Sol-Gel, and Wet-Mixing Methods. Materials Science Forum, 1152; 45–54
Novita, N., M. Naibaho, E. Puspita, Ramlan, M. Ginting, and S. Humaidi (2023). Analysis of Mineral Content and Magnetic Properties of Iron Sand of Bah Bolon Simalungun River, North Sumatera. Asian Journal of Engineering, Social and Health, 2(12); 1633–1639
Novita, N., Ramlan, M. Naibaho, M. Ginting, S. Humaidi, and T. N. Duma (2024). LaFeO3 Review: Nanostructure, Synthesis Methods, and Applications. International Journal of Social Service and Research, 4(2); 539–559
Pidburtnyi, M., B. Zanca, C. Coppex, S. Jimenez-Villegas, and V. Thangadurai (2021). A Review on Perovskite-Type LaFeO3-Based Electrodes for CO2 Reduction in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells. Chemistry of Materials, 33(12); 4249–4268
Ramlan, B. Soerya, A. Fachredzy, M. Naibaho, and M. Ginting (2024). Effect of Silicon Rubber (SIR) in Fabrication of NdFeB/BaFe12O19-Based Hybrid Magnet. Indonesian Physical Review, 7(1); 114–123
Rianna, M., T. Sembiring, E. Amiruddin, and P. Sebayang (2023). Co-Precipitation Synthesis of LaFe1-xAlxO3 (x = 0–0.2) on Structure and Electromagnetic Properties. Materials Science for Energy Technologies, 6; 43–47
Saikia, N., R. Chakravarty, S. Bhattacharjee, R. L. Hota, R. K. Parida, and B. N. Parida (2022). Synthesis and Characterization of Gd-Doped LaFeO3 for Device Application. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 151; 106969
Sasikala, C., G. Suresh, N. Durairaj, I. Baskaran, B. Sathyaseelan, E. Manikandan, R. Srinivasan, and M. K. Moodley (2019). Chemical, Morphological, Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Transition Metal Titanium (Ti) Doped LaFeO3 Nanoparticles. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 32(6); 1791–1797
Sihotang, M. S., M. A. Angelo, M. Naibaho, N. Ichsan, and M. Ginting (2025). Effect of Barium Hexaferrite Doped Yttrium (Y3+) on the Microwave Absorption by Solid-State Reaction Methods. Journal of Technology and Physics, 7(1); 63–70
Su, J., H. Zhao, R. Yang, B. Wang, Y. Xu, X. Lin, Y. Xie, and C. Wang (2023). Thin La-Doped CaMnO3 Ceramics for Attenuation–Impedance Balance to Facilitate Excellent Microwave Absorption. Ceramics International, 49(19); 32049–32057
Thirumalairajan, S., K. Girija, V. R. Mastelaro, and N. Ponpandian (2015). Investigation on Magnetic and Electric Properties of Morphologically Different Perovskite LaFeO3 Nanostructures. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 26(11); 8652–8662
Varignon, J. (2023). Origin of Superconductivity in Hole Doped SrBiO3 Bismuth Oxide Perovskite from Parameter Free First-Principles Simulations. npj Computational Materials, 9; 1–8
Vitayaya, O., Z. Zul, and R. Munazat (2024). Magnetoresistance (MR) Properties of Magnetic Materials. RSC Advances, 14; 18617–18645
Wang, M., L. Cheng, L. Huang, S. Pan, Q. Yao, C. Hu, Q. Liang, and H. Zhou (2021). Effect of Sr-Doped YFeO3 Rare Earth Orthoferrite on Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Microwave Absorption Performance. Ceramics International, 47(24); 34159–34169
Wu, T. and P. Gao (2018). Development of Perovskite-Type Materials for Applications. Materials, 11(6); 999
Yan, L., Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, R. Liu, C. Liu, F. Wu, X. Miao, E. Liu, X. Peng, J. Li, S. Tao, and F. Xu (2024). Influence of Bi Doping on the Structure and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption for LaFeO3 Perovskite. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 591; 171730
Yunasfi, Y., J. Setiawan, M. Mashadi, D. S. Winatapura, and M. Puspitasari (2025). Cationic Distribution Analysis of Lanthanum-Doped Cobalt Nickel Titanate as Microwave Absorbing Material and Its Correlation with Weak Ferromagnetic Behavior. Journal of Magnetism; 1–18
Zhang, S., Q. Cao, M. Zhang, and X. Shi (2013). Effects of Sr2+ or Sm3+ Doping on Electromagnetic and Microwave Absorption Performance of LaMnO3. Journal of Applied Physics, 113(7); 073905
Zhemas, P., Z. Nehan, B. Kurniawan, D. Rezky, O. Vitayaya, M. Naibaho, T. Sudiro, M. T. E. Manawan, Darminto, and H. Nojiri (2025). Calcium Ion Deficiency and Its Influence on Structure and Critical Behavior. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 1020; 179467
Authors
Ramlan, Naibaho, M., & Ginting, M. . (2026). Tuning Magnetic Behavior of La₁₋ₓSrₓFeO₃ (x = 0.1–0.5) via Sr Doping: From Antiferromagnetism to Ferromagnetism. Science and Technology Indonesia, 11(2), 515–523. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.515-523
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