Optimization of Nanoemulsion Formula Containing Erythromycin with VCO and Varying Concentrations of Tween-80 and PEG-400
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Keywords:
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Optimization, Nanoemulsion, Erythromycin, VCO, Surfactant, Cosurfactant
Abstract
Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic is classified into Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II which has low solubility in water. The low solubility corresponds to the bioavailability in the blood. One strategy to increase the solubility of Erythromycin is the formulation of erythromycin in nanoemulsion. This research aims to form nanoemulsion using the PIT (Phase Transition Temperature) method for obtaining the optimum formula of erythromycin nanoemulsion using virgin coconut oil (VCO) can be found with varying concentrations of Tween 80 surfactant and PEG 400 cosurfactant. The selection of the optimum formula was assisted by Design Expert software with the Factorial design method 22. The basis for determining the optimum formula is based on the results of organoleptic characterization tests, adsorption efficiency (%EE), percent transmittance, viscosity test, pH test, and stability test. The optimum formula was nanoemulsion which had a concentration of Tween 80 25% and PEG 400 25% as a desirability value of <1. The results of the optimum formula showed that the particle size was 170.6±12.8594 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.403±0.04406, and zeta potential -8.8667±0.25697 mV and had an appropriate stability without phase separation during stability test.
References
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Singh, Y., J. G. Meher, K. Raval, F. A. Khan, M. Chaurasia, N. K. Jain, and M. K. Chourasia (2017). Nanoemulsion: Concepts, Development and Applications in Drug Delivery. Journal of Controlled Release, 252(1); 28–49
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Wang, Z., J. Wang, M. Zhang, and L. Dang (2006). Solubility of Erythromycin A Dihydrate in Different Pure Solvents and Acetone + Water Binary Mixtures between 293 K and 323 K. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 51(3); 1062–1065
Zaenglein, A. L. (2016). Guidelines of Care for the Management of Acne Vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 74(5); 945–973
Dayrit, F. M. (2014). Lauric Acid is a Medium-Chain Fatty Acid, Coconut Oil is a Medium-Chain Triglyceride. Philippine Journal of Science, 143(2); 157–166
Dhillon, P., M. A. Mirza, M. K. Anwer, A. S. Alshetaili, S. M. Alshahrani, and Z. Iqbal (2019). Development and Optimization of Erythromycin-loaded Lipid-based Gel by T-design: In Vitro Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 55(1); 1–9
Gul, U., M. I. Khan, A. Madni, M. F. Sohail, M. Rehman, A. Rasul, and L. Peltonen (2022). Olive Oil and Clove Oil-Based Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery of Terbinafine Hydrochloride: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Journal of Drug Delivery, 29(1); 600–612
Gurpreet, K. and S. K. Singh (2018). Review of Nanoemulsion Formulation and Characterization Techniques. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 80(5); 781–789
Haque, T. and U. M. Talukder (2018). Chemical Enhancer: A Simplistic Way to Modulate Barrier Function of the Stratum Corneum. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 8(2); 169–179
Iskandar, B., H. C. Mei, T. W. Liu, H. M. Lin, and C. K. Lee (2024). Evaluating the Effects of Surfactant Types on the Properties and Stability of Oil-in-Water Rhodiola rosea Nanoemulsion. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 234; 1–12
Keleb, E., A. A. Elmahgoubi, P. Chellapa, A. T. Mohamed, E. I. Keleb, A. Elmahgoubi, A. M. Eid, Y. S. Issa, and N. A. Elmarzugi (2015). Nanoemulsion and Nanoemulgel as a Topical Formulation. IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy, 5(10); 43–47
Khan, A. W., S. Kotta, S. H. Ansari, R. K. Sharma, and J. Ali (2012). Potentials and Challenges in Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 9(10); 1305–1317
Mao, C., Y. Soda, K. J. Robinson, T. Forrest, and E. Bakker (2022). Mass Transfer from Ion-Sensing Component-Loaded Nanoemulsions into Ion-Selective Membranes: An Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Thin-Film Coulometry Study. ACS Measurement Science Au, 2022; 1–18
Mardiyanto, M., B. Untari, N. A. Fithri, A. Mara, A. A. Aprianto, and G. E. Ningsih (2022). The Enhancement Solubility and Stability of Erythromycin Formatted in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by Utilizing PVA as Stabilizer. Science and Technology Indonesia, 7(2); 195–201
Mollerup, S., J. Friis-Nielsen, L. Vinner, T. A. Hansen, S. R. Richter, H. Fridholm, J. A. R. Herrera, O. Lund, S. Brunak, J. M. G. Izarzugaz, T. Mourier, L. P. Nielsen, and A. J. Hansen (2016). Propionibacterium acnes: Disease Causing Agent or Common Contaminant? Detection in Diverse Patient Samples by Next-Generation Sequencing. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 54(4); 980–987
Momoh, M. A., E. C. Ossai, O. E. Chidozie, O. O. Precscila, F. C. Kenechukwu, K. O. Ofokansi, A. A. Attama, and K. O. Olobayo (2019). A New Lipid-Based Oral Delivery System of Erythromycin for Prolong Sustain Release Activity. Materials Science and Engineering, 97; 245–263
Mortazavi, S. A., S. Pishrochi, and Z. A. Jafari (2013). Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Tretinoin Microemulsion as a Potential Carrier for Dermal Drug Delivery. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(4); 599–609
Nastiti, C. M. R. R., T. Ponto, E. Abd, J. E. Grice, H. A. E. Benson, and M. S. Roberts (2017). Topical Nano and Microemulsions for Skin Delivery. MDPI Pharmaceutics, 9(37); 1–25
Nirmala, M. J., L. Durai, V. Gopakumar, and R. Nagarajan (2020). Preparation of Celery Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulsion by Ultrasonication and Evaluation of Its Potential Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 15; 7651–7666
Nita, T., R. Julia, and S. Jansen (2019). Formulation and Evaluation of Moringa Seed Oil Nanoemulsion Gel. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 7(6); 1–5
Perinelli, D. R. (2020). Surfactant Self-Assembling and Critical Micelle Concentration: One Approach Fits All. Langmuir, 36(21); 5745–5753
Rahmadevi, B. Hartesi, and K. Wulandari (2020). Formulation Of Nanoemulsi Availability From Oil Fish (Oleum Iecoris Aselli) Using Sonication Method. Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine, 6(1); 248–258
Revathi, S. and M. D. Dhanaraju (2019). Optimization and Characterization Ezogabine-Loaded Nanosuspension for Enhancement of Bioavailability by "Bottom-Up" Technology Using 32 Factorial Design. J Drug Deliv Therapeutics, 9(3); 227–237
Rismarika, I. Maharani, and Yusnelti (2020). Effect of PEG 400 Concentration as Cosurfactant in Kepayang Oil Nanoemulsion Formulation. Chempublish Journal, 5(1); 1–14
Safaya, M. and Y. C. Rotliwala (2019). Nanoemulsions: A Review on Low Energy Formulation Methods, Characterization, Applications and Optimization Technique. Elsevier Proceedings, 30(40); 1–12
Shena, K. and A. Kumar (2022). Nanoemulsions: Techniques for the Preparation and the Recent Advances in Their Food Applications. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 76(102914); 1–10
Singh, Y., J. G. Meher, K. Raval, F. A. Khan, M. Chaurasia, N. K. Jain, and M. K. Chourasia (2017). Nanoemulsion: Concepts, Development and Applications in Drug Delivery. Journal of Controlled Release, 252(1); 28–49
Tarik Alhamdany, A., A. M. H. Saeed, and M. Alaayedi (2021). Nanoemulsion and Solid Nanoemulsion for Improving Oral Delivery of a Breast Cancer Drug: Formulation, Evaluation, and a Comparison Study. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 29(11); 1278–1288
Tron, L. T. C., C. Gueutin, G. Frebourg, C. Burocon, and V. Faivre (2017). Erythromycin Encapsulation in Nanoemulsion-based Delivery Systems for Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Protection and Synergy. Biochem and Biophys Res, 491(1); 146–151
Wang, Z., J. Wang, M. Zhang, and L. Dang (2006). Solubility of Erythromycin A Dihydrate in Different Pure Solvents and Acetone + Water Binary Mixtures between 293 K and 323 K. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 51(3); 1062–1065
Zaenglein, A. L. (2016). Guidelines of Care for the Management of Acne Vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 74(5); 945–973
Authors
Mardiyanto, Mohadi, R., Fithri, N. A. ., & Kurniawan, G. . (2024). Optimization of Nanoemulsion Formula Containing Erythromycin with VCO and Varying Concentrations of Tween-80 and PEG-400. Science and Technology Indonesia, 9(3), 697–709. https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.697-709
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